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\section{Lista de símbolos matemáticos}  \label{symbols}
 
Los siguientes cuadros muestran todos los símbolos normalmente accesibles desde \emph{modo matemático}.  

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Para usar los símbolos listados en los cuadros~\ref{AMSD}-\ref{AMSNBR},\footnote{Estos cuadros provienen de \texttt{symbols.tex} de David~Carlisle y fueron cambiando mucho según las sugerencias de Josef~Tkadlec.} debe cargarse el paquete \pai{amssymb} en el preámbulo del documento y las \fontsnomo{} de la AMS deben estar instaladas en el sistema.  Si el paquete y las \fontsnomo{} AMS no están instaladas en su sistema, mire en \CTANref|macros/latex/required/amslatex|.  Una lista de símbolos aun más completa se puede hallar en \CTANref|info/symbols/comprehensive|.

\begin{table}[!h]
\caption{Acentos en modo matemático.}  \label{mathacc}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\W{\hat}{a}     & \W{\check}{a} & \W{\tilde}{a}  \\
\W{\grave}{a}   & \W{\dot}{a}   & \W{\ddot}{a}   \\
\W{\bar}{a}     & \W{\vec}{a}   &\W{\widehat}{A}  \\  
\W{\acute}{a}   & \W{\breve}{a} &\W{\widetilde}{A}
\end{symbols}
\end{table}
 
\begin{table}[!h]
\caption{Letras griegas.}
\begin{symbols}{*4{cl}}
\X{\alpha}      & \X{\theta}     & \X{o}          & \X{\upsilon}  \\
\X{\beta}       & \X{\vartheta}  & \X{\pi}        & \X{\phi}      \\
\X{\gamma}      & \X{\iota}      & \X{\varpi}     & \X{\varphi}   \\
\X{\delta}      & \X{\kappa}     & \X{\rho}       & \X{\chi}      \\
\X{\epsilon}    & \X{\lambda}    & \X{\varrho}    & \X{\psi}      \\
\X{\varepsilon} & \X{\mu}        & \X{\sigma}     & \X{\omega}    \\
\X{\zeta}       & \X{\nu}        & \X{\varsigma}  &               \\
\X{\eta}        & \X{\xi}        & \X{\tau}       &               \\
\X{\Gamma}      & \X{\Lambda}    & \X{\Sigma}     & \X{\Psi}      \\
\X{\Delta}      & \X{\Xi}        & \X{\Upsilon}   & \X{\Omega}    \\
\X{\Theta}      & \X{\Pi}        & \X{\Phi} 
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Relaciones binarias.}
\bigskip
Puede negar los símbolos siguientes prefijándolos con la orden \ci{not}.
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\X{<}                   & \X{>}                   & \X{=}          \\
\X{\leq}or \verb|\le|   & \X{\geq}or \verb|\ge|   & \X{\equiv}     \\
\X{\ll}                 & \X{\gg}                 & \X{\doteq}     \\
\X{\prec}               & \X{\succ}               & \X{\sim}       \\
\X{\preceq}             & \X{\succeq}             & \X{\simeq}     \\
\X{\subset}             & \X{\supset}             & \X{\approx}    \\
\X{\subseteq}           & \X{\supseteq}           & \X{\cong}      \\
\X{\sqsubset}$^a$       & \X{\sqsupset}$^a$       & \X{\Join}$^a$  \\
\X{\sqsubseteq}         & \X{\sqsupseteq}         & \X{\bowtie}    \\
\X{\in}                 & \X{\ni}, \verb|\owns|   & \X{\propto}    \\
\X{\vdash}              & \X{\dashv}              & \X{\models}    \\
\X{\mid}                & \X{\parallel}           & \X{\perp}      \\
\X{\smile}              & \X{\frown}              & \X{\asymp}     \\
\X{:}                   & \X{\notin}              & \X{\neq}or \verb|\ne|
\end{symbols}
\centerline{\footnotesize $^a$ Use el paquete \textsf{latexsym} para acceder a este símbolo}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Operadores binarios.}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\X{+}                 & \X{-}                    & &                 \\
\X{\pm}               & \X{\mp}                  & \X{\triangleleft} \\
\X{\cdot}             & \X{\div}                 & \X{\triangleright}\\
\X{\times}            & \X{\setminus}            & \X{\star}         \\
\X{\cup}              & \X{\cap}                 & \X{\ast}          \\
\X{\sqcup}            & \X{\sqcap}               & \X{\circ}         \\
\X{\vee}, \verb|\lor| & \X{\wedge}, \verb|\land| & \X{\bullet}       \\
\X{\oplus}            & \X{\ominus}              & \X{\diamond}      \\
\X{\odot}             & \X{\oslash}              & \X{\uplus}        \\
\X{\otimes}           & \X{\bigcirc}             & \X{\amalg}        \\
\X{\bigtriangleup}    &\X{\bigtriangledown}      & \X{\dagger}       \\
\X{\lhd}$^a$          & \X{\rhd}$^a$             & \X{\ddagger}      \\
\X{\unlhd}$^a$        & \X{\unrhd}$^a$           & \X{\wr}
\end{symbols} 
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Operadores GRANDES.}
\begin{symbols}{*4{cl}}
\X{\sum}      & \X{\bigcup}    & \X{\bigvee}  \\
\X{\prod}     & \X{\bigcap}    & \X{\bigwedge} \\
\X{\coprod}   & \X{\bigsqcup}  & \X{\biguplus} \\
\X{\int}      & \X{\oint}      & \X{\bigodot} \\
\X{\bigoplus} & \X{\bigotimes} & \\
\end{symbols} 
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Flechas.}
\begin{symbols}{*2{cl}}
\X{\leftarrow}o \verb|\gets|  & \X{\longleftarrow}         \\
\X{\rightarrow}o \verb|\to|   & \X{\longrightarrow}        \\
\X{\leftrightarrow}           & \X{\longleftrightarrow}    \\
\X{\Leftarrow}                & \X{\Longleftarrow}         \\
\X{\Rightarrow}               & \X{\Longrightarrow}        \\
\X{\Leftrightarrow}           & \X{\Longleftrightarrow}    \\
\X{\mapsto}                   & \X{\longmapsto}            \\
\X{\hookleftarrow}            & \X{\hookrightarrow}        \\
\X{\leftharpoonup}            & \X{\rightharpoonup}        \\
\X{\leftharpoondown}          & \X{\rightharpoondown}      \\
\X{\rightleftharpoons}        & \X{\iff}(espacios mayores) \\
\X{\uparrow}                  & \X{\downarrow}             \\
\X{\updownarrow}              & \X{\Uparrow}               \\
\X{\Downarrow}                & \X{\Updownarrow}           \\
\X{\nearrow}                  & \X{\searrow}               \\
\X{\swarrow}                  & \X{\nwarrow}               \\
\X{\leadsto}$^a$
\end{symbols}
\centerline{\footnotesize $^a$ Use el paquete \textsf{latexsym} para acceder a este símbolo}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Delimitadores.}\label{tab:delimiters}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\X{(}                  & \X{)}                  & \X{\uparrow}         \\
\X{[}o \verb|\lbrack|  & \X{]}o \verb|\rbrack|  & \X{\downarrow}       \\
\X{\{}o \verb|\lbrace| & \X{\}}o \verb|\rbrace| & \X{\updownarrow}     \\
\X{\langle}            & \X{\rangle}            & \X{|}o \verb|\vert|  \\
\X{\lfloor}            & \X{\rfloor}            & \X{\lceil}           \\
\X{/}                  & \X{\backslash}         & \X{\Updownarrow}     \\ 
\X{\Uparrow}           &  \X{\Downarrow}        & \X{\|}o \verb|\Vert| \\
\X{\rceil}    
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Delimitadores grandes.}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\Y{\lgroup}      & \Y{\rgroup}      & \Y{\lmoustache}  \\
\Y{\arrowvert}   & \Y{\Arrowvert}   & \Y{\bracevert}   \\
\Y{\rmoustache}  \\
\end{symbols}
\end{table}


\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Símbolos variados.}
\begin{symbols}{*4{cl}}
\X{\dots}               & \X{\cdots}      & \X{\vdots}      & \X{\ddots}       \\
\X{\hbar}               & \X{\imath}      & \X{\jmath}      & \X{\ell}         \\
\X{\Re}                 & \X{\Im}         & \X{\aleph}      & \X{\wp}          \\
\X{\forall}             & \X{\exists}     & \X{\mho}$^a$    & \X{\partial}     \\
\X{'}                   & \X{\prime}      & \X{\emptyset}   & \X{\infty}       \\
\X{\nabla}              & \X{\triangle}   & \X{\Box}$^a$    & \X{\Diamond}$^a$ \\
\X{\bot}                & \X{\top}        & \X{\angle}      & \X{\surd}        \\
\X{\diamondsuit}        & \X{\heartsuit}  & \X{\clubsuit}   & \X{\spadesuit}   \\
\X{\neg}or \verb|\lnot| & \X{\flat}       & \X{\natural}    & \X{\sharp}

\end{symbols}
\centerline{\footnotesize $^a$ Use el paquete \textsf{latexsym} para acceder a este símbolo}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Símbolos no matemáticos.}
\bigskip
Estos símbolos pueden usarse también en modo texto.
\begin{symbols}{*4{cl}}
\SC{\dag}  &  \SC{\S}  &  \SC{\copyright} &  \SC{\textregistered}  \\
\SC{\ddag} &  \SC{\P}  &  \SC{\pounds}    &  \SC{\%}               \\
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

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\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Delimitadores AMS.}\label{AMSD}
\bigskip
\begin{symbols}{*4{cl}}
\X{\ulcorner}&\X{\urcorner}&\X{\llcorner}&\X{\lrcorner}\\
\X{\lvert}&\X{\rvert}&\X{\lVert}&\X{\rVert}
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Símbolos AMS griegos y hebreos.}
\begin{symbols}{*5{cl}}
\X{\digamma}     &\X{\varkappa} & \X{\beth} &\X{\gimel} & \X{\daleth}    
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Relaciones binarias AMS.}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\X{\lessdot}             & \X{\gtrdot}            & \X{\doteqdot}         \\
\X{\leqslant}            & \X{\geqslant}          & \X{\risingdotseq}     \\
\X{\eqslantless}         & \X{\eqslantgtr}        & \X{\fallingdotseq}    \\
\X{\leqq}                & \X{\geqq}              & \X{\eqcirc}           \\
\X{\lll}o \verb|\llless| & \X{\ggg}               & \X{\circeq}           \\
\X{\lesssim}             & \X{\gtrsim}            & \X{\triangleq}        \\
\X{\lessapprox}          & \X{\gtrapprox}         & \X{\bumpeq}           \\
\X{\lessgtr}             & \X{\gtrless}           & \X{\Bumpeq}           \\
\X{\lesseqgtr}           & \X{\gtreqless}         & \X{\thicksim}         \\
\X{\lesseqqgtr}          & \X{\gtreqqless}        & \X{\thickapprox}      \\
\X{\preccurlyeq}         & \X{\succcurlyeq}       & \X{\approxeq}         \\
\X{\curlyeqprec}         & \X{\curlyeqsucc}       & \X{\backsim}          \\
\X{\precsim}             & \X{\succsim}           & \X{\backsimeq}        \\
\X{\precapprox}          & \X{\succapprox}        & \X{\vDash}            \\
\X{\subseteqq}           & \X{\supseteqq}         & \X{\Vdash}            \\
\X{\shortparallel}       & \X{\Supset}            & \X{\Vvdash}           \\
\X{\blacktriangleleft}   & \X{\sqsupset}          & \X{\backepsilon}      \\
\X{\vartriangleright}    & \X{\because}           & \X{\varpropto}        \\
\X{\blacktriangleright}  & \X{\Subset}            & \X{\between}          \\
\X{\trianglerighteq}     & \X{\smallfrown}        & \X{\pitchfork}        \\
\X{\vartriangleleft}     & \X{\shortmid} 	      & \X{\smallsmile} 	  \\
\X{\trianglelefteq}      & \X{\therefore} 	      & \X{\sqsubset}  
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Flechas AMS.}
\begin{symbols}{*2{cl}}
\X{\dashleftarrow}      & \X{\dashrightarrow}     \\
\X{\leftleftarrows}     & \X{\rightrightarrows}   \\
\X{\leftrightarrows}    & \X{\rightleftarrows}    \\
\X{\Lleftarrow}         & \X{\Rrightarrow}        \\
\X{\twoheadleftarrow}   & \X{\twoheadrightarrow}  \\
\X{\leftarrowtail}      & \X{\rightarrowtail}     \\
\X{\leftrightharpoons}  & \X{\rightleftharpoons}  \\
\X{\Lsh}                & \X{\Rsh}                \\
\X{\looparrowleft}      & \X{\looparrowright}     \\
\X{\curvearrowleft}     & \X{\curvearrowright}    \\
\X{\circlearrowleft}    & \X{\circlearrowright}   \\
\X{\multimap}           & \X{\upuparrows}        \\
\X{\downdownarrows}     & \X{\upharpoonleft}      \\
\X{\upharpoonright}     & \X{\downharpoonright}   \\
\X{\rightsquigarrow}    & \X{\leftrightsquigarrow}\\
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Relaciones binarias y flechas negadas AMS.}\label{AMSNBR}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
 \X{\nless}           & \X{\ngtr}            & \X{\varsubsetneqq}    \\
 \X{\lneq}            & \X{\gneq}            & \X{\varsupsetneqq}    \\
 \X{\nleq}            & \X{\ngeq}            & \X{\nsubseteqq}       \\
 \X{\nleqslant}       & \X{\ngeqslant}       & \X{\nsupseteqq}       \\
 \X{\lneqq}           & \X{\gneqq}           & \X{\nmid}             \\
 \X{\lvertneqq}       & \X{\gvertneqq}       & \X{\nparallel}        \\
 \X{\nleqq}           & \X{\ngeqq}           & \X{\nshortmid}        \\
 \X{\lnsim}           & \X{\gnsim}           & \X{\nshortparallel}   \\
 \X{\lnapprox}        & \X{\gnapprox}        & \X{\nsim}             \\
 \X{\nprec}           & \X{\nsucc}           & \X{\ncong}            \\
 \X{\npreceq}         & \X{\nsucceq}         & \X{\nvdash}           \\
 \X{\precneqq}        & \X{\succneqq}        & \X{\nvDash}           \\
 \X{\precnsim}        & \X{\succnsim}        & \X{\nVdash}           \\
 \X{\precnapprox}     & \X{\succnapprox}     & \X{\nVDash}           \\
 \X{\subsetneq}       & \X{\supsetneq}       & \X{\ntriangleleft}    \\
 \X{\varsubsetneq}    & \X{\varsupsetneq}    & \X{\ntriangleright}   \\
 \X{\nsubseteq}       & \X{\nsupseteq}       & \X{\ntrianglelefteq}  \\
 \X{\subsetneqq}      & \X{\supsetneqq}      & \X{\ntrianglerighteq} \\[0.5ex]
 \X{\nleftarrow}      & \X{\nrightarrow}     & \X{\nleftrightarrow}  \\
 \X{\nLeftarrow}      & \X{\nRightarrow}     & \X{\nLeftrightarrow}
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Operadores binarios AMS.}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\X{\dotplus}        & \X{\centerdot}      &                      \\
\X{\ltimes}         & \X{\rtimes}         & \X{\divideontimes}   \\
\X{\doublecup}      & \X{\doublecap}	  & \X{\smallsetminus}   \\
\X{\veebar}         & \X{\barwedge}       & \X{\doublebarwedge}  \\
\X{\boxplus}        & \X{\boxminus}       & \X{\circleddash}     \\
\X{\boxtimes}       & \X{\boxdot}         & \X{\circledcirc}     \\
\X{\intercal}       & \X{\circledast}     & \X{\rightthreetimes} \\
\X{\curlyvee}       & \X{\curlywedge}     & \X{\leftthreetimes}
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Variados AMS.}
\begin{symbols}{*3{cl}}
\X{\hbar}             & \X{\hslash}           & \X{\Bbbk}            \\
\X{\square}           & \X{\blacksquare}      & \X{\circledS}        \\
\X{\vartriangle}      & \X{\blacktriangle}    & \X{\complement}      \\
\X{\triangledown}     &\X{\blacktriangledown} & \X{\Game}            \\
\X{\lozenge}          & \X{\blacklozenge}     & \X{\bigstar}         \\
\X{\angle}            & \X{\measuredangle}    &                      \\
\X{\diagup}           & \X{\diagdown}         & \X{\backprime}       \\
\X{\nexists}          & \X{\Finv}             & \X{\varnothing}      \\
\X{\eth}              & \X{\sphericalangle}   & \X{\mho}              
\end{symbols}
\end{table}



\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Alfabetos para matemático.}
\begin{symbols}{@{}*3l@{}}
Ejemplo & Orden & Paquete requerido\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{1.05em}$\mathrm{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        & \verb|\mathrm{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &  ninguno\\
$\mathit{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        & \verb|\mathit{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &  ninguno\\
$\mathnormal{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        & \verb|\mathnormal{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &  ninguno\\
$\mathcal{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        & \verb|\mathcal{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &  ninguno\\
$\mathscr{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        &\verb|\mathscr{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &\pai{mathrsfs}\\
$\mathfrak{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        & \verb|\mathfrak{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &\pai{amsfonts}  o \textsf{amssymb}  \\
$\mathbb{ABCDE abcde 1234}$
        & \verb|\mathbb{ABCDE abcde 1234}|
        &\pai{amsfonts}  o \textsf{amssymb} \\
\end{symbols}
\end{table}

\endinput

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